Role of ceRNA network in inflammatory cells of rheumatoid arthritis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease caused by inflammatory cells. Various inflammatory cells involved in RA include fibroblast-like synoviocytes, macrophages, CD4+T-lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, osteoclasts and chondrocytes. The close interaction between various inflammatory cells leads to imbalance of immune response and disorder of the expression of mRNA in inflammatory cells. It helps to drive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulate specific antigen-specific T- and B-lymphocytes to produce autoantibodies which is an important pathogenic factor for RA. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) can regulate the expression of mRNA by competitively binding to miRNA. The related ceRNA network is a new regulatory mechanism for RNA interaction. It has been found to be involved in the regulation of abnormal biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and release of inflammatory factors of RA inflammatory cells. Understanding the ceRNA network in 6 kinds of RA common inflammatory cells provides a new idea for further elucidating the pathogenesis of RA, and provides a theoretical basis for the discovery of new biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets.

Roles and perspectives of inflammatory factors in diabetic macular edema / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population, in which diabetic macular edema(DME)is the most common reason resulting in the vision impairment. Studies showed that inflammation factors play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of DME. Chronic hyperglycemia activates several biochemical pathways, leading to retinal hypoxia, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Intraretinal inflammation-related cells, such as microglia, monocytes/macrophages, Müller cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells, become activated and release a large number of inflammation-related factors and mediators, including the complement system, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), placental growth factor(PlGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-8, etc., resulting in the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and neuronal degeneration. In addition, up-regulatethe expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)by retinal vascular endothelial cells increased the adhesion of leukocyte and leukostasis, further aggravating retinal hypoxia and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, leading to the increased retinal vascular leakage and macular edema. Therefore, early treatment with anti-VEGF and anti-inflammatory are pivotal for the treatment of DME. In this review, we will discuss the role of inflammation factors in the pathogenesis of DME and the research status of the targeted drugs targeting inflammation, so as to provide reference for the treatment of DME.

Study on the effectiveness of the proportion of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa in predicting mucosal histological healing in patients with ulcerative colitis / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To determine a simpler and more practical scoring standard for predicting mucosal histological healing in ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods:From April 11, 2017 to February 8, 2021, 68 UC patients diagnosed with mucosal healing under endoscopy and hospitalized at Department of Gastroenterology, the Tenth People′s Hospital of Tongji University and during the same period 60 healthy individuals who underwent endoscopy for health checkup were retrospectively analyzed. Modified Mayo score and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS), the modified Nancy index and Robarts histopathology index were determined based on the collected clinical data, endoscopic reports and histopathological evaluation. The proportions of neutrophils, eosinophils, and plasma cells in the colonic mucosal lamina propria were calculated. The proportions of activated neutrophils and T cells in the colonic mucosal lamina were calculated according to CD177 and CD40L, respectively. The new clinical and laboratory diagnostic formulas were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis, the effectiveness of the equations was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results:Among the 68 patients with UC, the modified Mayo score was 0.7 (0.4, 1.1), the UCEIS was 0.5 (0.3, 0.8), the Nancy index was 5.9±3.2, and the Robarts histopathology index was 2.6±1.7. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, the formula for clinical diagnosis of histological healing was Y1=-21.09+ 355.9 X1+ 305.8 X2+ 44.91 X3 ( X1, X2 and X3 were the proportions of neutrophils, eosinophils, and plasma cells, respectively). The results of ROC analysis indicated that Y1<-0.747 was the cut-off value of diagnosis of histological healing, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.986 and 95% confidence interval ( CI) was 0.922 to 1.000 ( P<0.001), the sensitivity was 97.10% and the specificity was 91.20%. The formula of laboratory diagnosis of histological healing was Y2=-10.57+ 469.1 X1 + 132.7 X2 + 101.2 X3 + 18.56 X4 ( X1, X2, X3, and X4 were the proportions of CD177 + neutrophils, eosinophils, CD40L + T cells and plasma cells, respectively). The results of ROC analysis indicated that Y2<1.960 was the cut-off value of diagnosis of histological healing, and the AUC was 0.980, 95% CI was 0.913 to 0.999 ( P<0.001), the sensitivity was 84.78%, and the specificity was 100.00%. The new clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria were positively correlated with the Nancy histological index ( r=0.411 and 0.308, P=0.001 and 0.011), and Robarts histopathology index ( r=0.311, 0.273, P=0.010 and 0.024). Conclusions:Compared with the Nancy index, the new clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria are simpler and more practical. The new clinical diagnostic formula Y1<-0.747 and the new laboratory diagnosis formula Y2<1.960 are the independent factors for predicting histological healing in UC patients.

Detección y cuantificación de células plasmáticas (plasmocitos) en granulomas periapicales inducidos experimentalmente en ratas / Detection and quantification of plasma cells in experimentally induced rat periapical granulomas

Objetivo: En los granulomas periapicales, los plasmocitos (PL) participan activamente mediante la liberación de inmunoglobulinas. El propósito de este ensayo fue identificar y contar el número de PL en diferentes períodos de tiempo en lesiones periapicales experimentales en ratas. Materiales y métodos: Mediante la exposición al medio oral de la pulpa de los primeros molares inferiores izquierdos, se indujeron granulomas periapicales en ratas a las que previamente se les suministró anestesia. La pulpa de los primeros molares inferiores derechos no fue expuesta, y estos dientes se utilizaron como control. Los animales fueron eutanasiados a los 10, 30 y 60 días de la exposición. Los maxilares inferiores fueron removidos, y los primeros molares, junto con los tejidos circundantes, se procesaron para su estudio histológico. Se obtuvieron secciones semiseriadas, posteriormente coloreadas con verde de metilo-pironina (VMP). Cada tres secciones, las tres siguientes fueron coloreadas con hematoxilina y eosina (H-E). Los controles también fueron coloreados con H-E. Resultados: Todos los especímenes experimentales coloreados con H-E revelaron la presencia de granulomas periapicales. Luego de la exposición pulpar, el número de PL que reaccionó positivamente al VMP se incrementó de manera progresiva desde el día 10 hasta los días 30 y 60. A pesar de que a los 60 días el número de PL fue ligeramente menor que a los 30 días, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre estos dos períodos. Los especímenes del grupo control coloreados con H-E mostraron que los tejidos periapicales se encontraban dentro de los parámetros normales en todos los períodos de observación. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que el número de plasmocitos VMP positivos se incrementa progresivamente en función del tiempo transcurrido pero se estabiliza al finalizar el experimento. También sugieren que el empleo de la coloración de VMP es un procedimiento adecuado para la identificación y la cuantificación de plasmocitos en los granulomas periapicales inducidos experimentalmente en ratas (AU)

Aim: Plasma cells (PL) release immunoglobulin in periapical lesions. The purpose of this assay was to identify and count the number of plasmocytes observed in periapical lesions in rats. Materials and methods: By exposing the pulp of the lower left first molars to the oral environment, periapical granulomas were induced in rats previously anesthetized. The pulp of right mandibular first molars was not exposed and these teeth were used as negative controls. The animals were euthanized at 10, 30 and 60 days after pup exposure. The mandibles were removed and specimens of the molar teeth along with the surrounding tissues were prepared for histology. Semi serial sections of the left first molar were stained with methyl green pyronine (MGP). Every three sections, the following three sections were stained with hematoxilyn and eosin (H-E). Negative control samples were stained with H-E. Results: All the H-E stained experimental samples revealed the presence of periapical granulomas. After pulp exposure, the number of PL increased from day 10 to 30 and 60. In the 60-day samples the number of PL was slightly less than that of the 30-day samples, with no statistically significant difference. The H-E stained control samples showed normal periapical tissues in all observation periods. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that the number of VMP positive PL, increased progressively with time but it was stabilized at the end of the experiment. In addition, the results suggest that the use of VMP stain is a suitable procedure for the identification and counting of PL in experimentally induced periapical granulomas in rats (AU)

Inflammatory infiltrates in melanocytic lesions / Infiltrados inflamatorios en lesiones melanocíticas

SUMMARY: Inflammatory infiltrates are frequently present in melanocytic lesions, with different distribution and composition. Much attention has been devoted to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the tumor microenvironment, establishing their prognostic and predictive value in many malignancies, including melanoma. However, lymphocytes, albeit the most numerous and consistent presence, constitute only part of the immune microenvironment. Other inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, plasma cells, eosinophils and mast cells, are found in melanoma and other melanocytic lesions.Few studies offer a detailed count of these inflammatory infiltrates across the spectrum of melanocytic lesions. By using whole slide image analysis and open source software, in the present study we report the enumeration of different inflammatory infiltrates in benign melanocytic nevi, dysplastic nevi, melanoma in situ and invasive malignant melanomas. Significant higher numbers of plasma cells and neutrophils were observed in melanoma. These results indicate that composition of the inflammatory infiltrate may contribute to the diagnostic algorithm of melanocytic lesions.

RESUMEN: Los infiltrados inflamatorios están presentes con frecuencia en las lesiones melanocíticas, con diferente distribución y composición. Se ha prestado mucha atención a los linfocitos infiltrantes de tumores (TIL) en el microambiente tumoral, estableciendo su valor pronóstico y predictivo en muchas neoplasias malignas, incluido el melanoma. Sin embargo, los linfocitos de presencia más numerosa y constante, constituyen solo una parte del microambiente inmunológico. Otras células inflamatorias, incluidos neutrófilos, células plasmáticas, eosinófilos y mastocitos, se encuentran en el melanoma y otras lesiones melanocíticas. Pocos estudios ofrecen un recuento detallado de estos infiltrados inflamatorios en todo el espectro de lesiones melanocíticas. Mediante el uso de análisis de imágenes de diapositivas completas y software de código abierto, en el presente estudio informamos la enumeración de diferentes infiltrados inflamatorios en nevos melanocíticos benignos, nevos displásicos, melanoma in situ y melanomas malignos invasivos. Se observaron números significativamente más altos de células plasmáticas y neutrófilos en el melanoma. Estos resultados indican que la composición del infiltrado inflamatorio puede contribuir al algoritmo diagnóstico de las lesiones melanocíticas.

Recent advances in myeloid-derived suppressor cell biology / 医学前沿

In recent years, studying the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in many pathological inflammatory conditions has become a very active research area. Although the role of MDSCs in cancer is relatively well established, their role in non-cancerous pathological conditions remains in its infancy resulting in much confusion. Our objectives in this review are to address some recent advances in MDSC research in order to minimize such confusion and to provide an insight into their function in the context of other diseases. The following topics will be specifically focused upon: (1) definition and characterization of MDSCs; (2) whether all MDSC populations consist of immature cells; (3) technical issues in MDSC isolation, estimation and characterization; (4) the origin of MDSCs and their anatomical distribution in health and disease; (5) mediators of MDSC expansion and accumulation; (6) factors that determine the expansion of one MDSC population over the other; (7) the Yin and Yang roles of MDSCs. Moreover, the functions of MDSCs will be addressed throughout the text.

Analysis on Gene Set Enrichment of Related Signaling Pathways and Immune Infiltration in Intracranial Aneurysm / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::Based on gene array technology, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration analysis were performed on chip data of intracranial aneurysm (IA) mRNA expression profile, in order to provide theoretical basis for understanding the formation mechanism of IA. Method::The GSE75436 raw data were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO). GSEA of biological process (BP) in gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto gene and genome encyclopedia (KEGG) signaling pathways were analyzed for gene expression profile by R software. The CIBERSORT deconvolution method was used to analyze the infiltration ratio of 22 types of immune cells in the expression profile. And COREMINE database was used to predict traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which were significant correlation with the enrichment result. Result::The GSEA results showed that the changes in gene expression of IA samples mainly involved in the regulation of cytokines, activation and differentiation of leukocyte, inflammatory immune response and other processes. The infiltration matrix analysis of immune cells showed that mast cells resting and neutrophils were significantly reduced in IA samples. The comparison of paired samples showed that mast cells and natural killer cells (NK cells) were significantly activated in the IA samples of the same individual, while neutrophils and T cells CD4 naive were significantly reduced. Through COREMINE prediction, it was found that Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix was correlated with the activation of granulocytes, Sapindi Mukorossi Semen and Pistaciae Chinensis Cortex were correlated with the activation of neutrophils, Trichosanthis Semen, Paeoniae Radix Alba and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were correlated with the cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells. Conclusion::Activation of mast cells and NK cells are closely associated with the occurrence and development of IA. The inflammatory immune processes and pathways such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway and cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells may be important factors in the pathogenesis of IA, and TCMs such as Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix may be the potential molecular drug sources.

Research progress on inflammatory factors of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is the most common orbital disease in adults. Its ocular damage is becoming more and more serious, which causes great harm to the physical and mental health of patients. The pathogenesis of TAO is very complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. The classical theory is the theory of co-antigens. In view of the drawbacks of existing treatment schemes, it is of great significance to study the factors related to TAO and explore better treatment methods for TAO patients. In recent years, the relationship between inflammatory response and TAO has been found, therefore this article reviews the research on TAO-related inflammatory factors.

Efecto del ácido láctico en la respuesta celular del sistema inmunitario durante la fase inflamatoria temprana en el nervio isquiático dañado por compresión / Effect of lactic acid on the cellular response of the immune system during the early inflammatory phase in the sciatic nerve damaged by compression

En órganos dañados, el ácido láctico (AL) modifica la respuesta inmune innata e inflamatoria, induciendo una menor expresión de citoquinas pro-inflamatorias, que provocan, la modulación del reclutamiento de células inmunes. El daño por compresión del nervio isquiático (NI) desencadena una respuesta inflamatoria y un aumento exponencial del infiltrado inflamatorio de células inmunes, produciendo la destrucción de axones y pérdida funcional del nervio. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto agudo de la inyección de AL, sobre la proporción de células inmunes en la fase inflamatoria temprana, en el sitio de lesión del NI post compresión. Para ello, se utilizaron 15 ratas machos Sprague Dawley adultas, en tres grupos de compresión nerviosa. Un grupo control, un grupo control negativo con placebo (100 µL PBS) y un grupo experimental con inyección de 100 µL de AL [20mM]. Al tercer día los NI se analizaron histológicamente y se estableció la proporción de células inmunes en el sitio de lesión. Los resultados muestran que la inyección intraneural de AL provoca una disminución en el porcentaje de linfocitos y un aumento en el porcentaje de macrófagos. Este es el primer trabajo de inyección intraneural de AL y demuestra el efecto modulador del AL sobre las células inmunes en el sistema nervioso periférico.

In damaged organs, lactic acid (LA) modifies the innate and inflammatory immune response, inducing a lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which provoke the modulation of immune cell recruitment. Damage by compression of the sciatic nerve (SN) triggers an inflammatory response and an exponential increase in the inflammatory infiltrate of immune cells, producing the destruction of axons and functional loss of the nerve. The objective of this study is to evaluate the acute effect of the injection of LA, on the proportion of immune cells in the early inflammatory phase, in the site of SN post-compression injury. For this, 15 adult Sprague Dawley rats were used in three groups of nervous compression. A control group, a negative control group with placebo (100 mL PBS) and an experimental group with injection of 100 mL of LA [20mM]. On the third day, the SNs were histologically analyzed and the proportion of immune cells at the injury site was established. The results show that the intraneural injection of LA causes a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes and an increase in the percentage of macrophages. This is the first work of intraneural injection of LA and demonstrates the modulating effect of LA on immune cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Moxibustion promoted wound healing in rats with full-thickness cutaneous wounds / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of moxibustion intervention on wound healing in rats with full-thickness cutaneous wounds. METHODS: A total of 28 adult SD male rats were randomly assigned to model group and moxibustion group (n＝14 in each one). The skin wound model was established by removal of a piece of full-thickness skin from the median line of the rats' back (about 2 cm below the shoulder blade). Moxibustion intervention was applied to the surrounding area of the focus for 25 min, once daily for 6 days. The wound healing was observed and photographed after each moxibustion intervention. The wound tissues were harvested after transcardiac perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde solution on the 2nd and 7thday after modeling, and stained with H．E. and Masson methods for displaying histopathological changes and collagen fiber growth status, respectively. RESULTS: After modeling, the cutaneous wound was healed gradually in both groups, and the wound area was significantly smaller from the 2nd day to the 5th day in the moxibustion group than in the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Correspondingly, the wound closure area was significantly bigger from the 2nd to the 5th day in the moxibustion group than in the model group (P<0.01). H．E. and Masson staining showed that the number of the inflammatory cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophile, etc.) and the collagen fiber area in the local wound tissue of the moxibustion group were significantly bigger than those of the model group on the 2nd day after intervention (P<0.01). After 6 sessions of moxibustion intervention, the number of fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the moxibustion group were obviously increased than that in the model group, characterized by closer arrangement of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, more and larger of the new-born blood vessels, and thicker of the scab in the wound area. CONCLUSION: Moxibustion can promote the wound healing by enhancing the growth of collagen fibers and cell proliferation in the traumatic cutaneous area in full-thickness cutaneous wound rats.

Progress of DJ-1 protein as target for liver fibrosis treatment / 中国药理学通报

Liver fibrosis occurs prior to cirrhosis and the patho-logical feature is the transitional deposition of extracellular matrix and activation of hepatic stellate cells. Varieties of cytokines and related signaling pathways have been shown to participate in the process of hepatic fibrosis or activation of hepatic stellate cells. In recent years,studies have emerged to reveal the role of tran-scriptional factor DJ-1 in hepatic fibrosis. DJ-1 can relieve the process of hepatic fibrosis by regulating the level of oxidative free radicals in hepatocytes,Kupffer cells and inflammatory cell infil-suggesting DJ-1 as a potential molecular target for hepatic fibrosis treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review of DJ-1 in hepatic fibrosis treatment, including liver fibrosis and oxidative stress, DJ-1 structure and function, mechanism of DJ-1 in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis, and therapeutic prospect of targeting DJ-1.

Relationship between calcified aortic stenosis and peripheral blood inflammatory cells and lipids in the elderly / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the relationship between calcific aortic valve stenosis and inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and dyslipidemia in elderly patients(age ≥65 years).Methods A total of 76 elderly patients(≥65 years old)diagnosed as calcific aortic stenosis in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2017 were selected as the case group,and 78 seniors(excluding valvular heart disease)hospitalized due to chest discomfort were selected as the control group.The white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil ratio (N%), neutrophil count (N), lymphocyte count (L), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-pro BNP),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride(TG),apo-α,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)and other indicators were tested on admission.All these indicators were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of WBC, N%,N,NLR, hs-CRP, NT-pro BNP,VLDL were higher in the case group than those in the control group.The levels of L and HDL were significantly lower in the case group than those of the control group(P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking, the increased hs-CRP and NT-pro BNP levels were independent risk factors for senile calcific aortic stenosis.Conclusion Senile calcific aortic stenosis is not a simple degenerative disease.It is closely related to systemic inflammatory response and abnormal lipid metabolism.

Wound-Healing potential of Sebastiania hispida (Mart) Pax (Euphorbiaceae) ointment compared to low power laser in rats / Potencial cicatrizante da pomada de Sebastiania hispida (Mart) Pax (Euphorbiaceae) comparado ao laser de baixa potência

Abstract Impaired wound healing represents a serious complication in some pathologies and the use of plant extracts has proved to improve tissue repair. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the healing potential of the ointment of Sebastiana hispida compared with Aluminum-Gallium Indium-Phosphide Laser (InGaAlP) in surgically induced wounds in rats and to perform the phytochemical analysis. The phytochemical analysis was performed in the classic way and also by HPLC. A controlled study was developed with 80 rats (200-250 g) in which a linear excision was performed in the dorsal region after shaving, measuring 2 cm × 1 cm (epidermis and dermis) exposing the muscle fascia. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of twenty animals each. The experimental groups (n = 5) were G1 (Saline); G2 (crude methanol plant extract 2% + Carbopol Gel 98%); G3 (crude methanol plant extract 2% + lanolin/vaseline) and G4 (laser). The incision healing processes were monitored during 3, 7, 14 and until 21 days after excision. The histologic parameters evaluated were Collagen fiber types, microscopic examination and neovascularization. There was a significant increase in the deposition of collagen fibers, as evidenced by a better organized epithelial tissue, keratinized and showing greater proliferation of new blood vessels in the inflammatory phase in the group treated with both the extract and laser. The results were correlated to the phenolic derivatives found after qualitative and quantitative analysis. These compounds were considered responsible for the healing process. The topical treatment with S. hispida leaves, in the two different formulations, was more effective than the application of the laser (Ingan ALP) 660 nm in the model used.

Resumo A cicatrização deficiente representa uma complicação grave em algumas patologias e o uso de extratos de plantas tem demonstrado melhora no processo de reparação tecidual. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial cicatrizante da pomada de Sebastiania hispida comparado ao Laser Indio Phosphide-Gallium-Aluminum (InGaAlP) em feridas cutâneas induzidas cirurgicamente em ratos e realizar analise fitoquímica. A análise fitoquímica foi via clássica e por CLAE. O experimento foi desenvolvido com 80 ratos (200-250 g), divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n = 5): G1 (salina); G2 (extrato bruto metanólico 2% + Carbopol Gel 98%); G3 (extrato bruto metanólico 2% + lanolina/vaselina) e G4 (laser). Após a tricotomia da região dorsal realizou uma excisão linear, medindo 2 cm × 1 cm (epiderme e derme), expondo a fáscia muscular. Em sequência os tratamentos e o monitoramento do processo de cicatrização das feridas cirúrgicas ocorreu nos tempos de: 3, 7, 14 e até 21 dias após a excisão. Os parâmetros histológicos avaliados foram: tipos de fibras colágenas, avaliação morfológica e neovascularização. Houve uma deposição significativa de fibras colágenas, evidenciado por um tecido epitelial mais bem organizado, queratinizado e mostrando uma maior proliferação de novos vasos sanguíneos na fase inflamatória do grupo tratado com o extrato e o laser. A eficiência do processo de cicatrização pode estar relacionada com a presença de compostos fenólicos e derivados detectados na análise qualitativa e quantitativa. A utilização do tratamento tópico com as duas formulações diferentes de S. hispida foram mais eficazes do que a aplicação do Laser (InGaAlP) no modelo utilizado.

Analysis on the Correlation between TCM Syndromes and Inflammatory Reaction and Body Temperature Changes of Acute and Subacute Deep Vein Thrombosis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between inflammatory cells, body temperature changes, and TCM syndromes of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) patients in acute and subacute phases. Methods The data of age, gender, body temperature, blood routine, venous ultrasonography, and four diagnostic information of 130 DVT patients in acute and subcute phases were collected and analyzed in a cross-sectional study. The correlation between inflammatory cells and the changes of body temperature and TCM syndromes were analyzed. Results Among 130 DVT patients, 37 patients had damp-heat syndrome, 64 patients had blood stasis and dampness syndrome, and 29 patients had qi stagnation syndrome. Neutrophils increased most obviously in blood stasis and dampness syndrome (P<0.05), which had close correlation with the skin redness (OR=1.287, 95%CI: 9.412-21.247). The mononuclear cells increased most obviously in the damp-heat syndrome, which has close correlation with nouhof (OR=7.364, 95%CI:1.189–45.603), high skin temperature (OR=6.683, 95%CI:1.791–24.938), skin tightness (OR=6.107, 95%CI:1.423–26.203) and weakness (OR=3.302, 95%CI: 1.002–9.169). The temperature rising was the most common in the damp-heat syndrome, and the increase of mononuclear cells was the most common one. Conclusion DVT is often accompanied with elevated levels of inflammatory cells and body temperature. Damp-heat syndrome has close correlation with body temperature and mononuclear cells increasing. Dampness and blood stasis syndrome and neutrophils are closely related.

Therapeutic effect and mechanism of Chaizhixiaji Decoction on bile reflux gastritis rats / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Chaizhixiaji Decoction on experimental bile reflux gastritis (BRG) rats.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups by random according to weight and sex:control group,model group,Chaizhixiaji Decoction low and high dose groups,and Hydrotalcite Tablets group.Rats were given self-made reflux liquid orally to induce experimental bile reflux gastritis.The diet,stool and urine,hair color and body weight of rats in control group and model group were observed.The histopathological changes of gastric antrum mucosa were observed by naked eyeand light microscope after HE staining.ELISA method was used for detection of serum GAS,PGE2 content in gastric antrum mucosa.Result Compared with control group,rats in model group show thin boicing stool containing red yellow mucus,slow reaction,and body weight decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).There were patchy erosions of the gastric antrum with yellow green bile and more yellow mucus of model group in the naked eye.Model control group had a significant rise of inflammatory cells infiltration and intestinal metaplasia,and scores of inflammation and intestinal metaplasia increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).GAS and PGE2 contents obviously decreased compared with that in control group (P ＜ 0.01).Compare with model group,Chaizhixiaji Decoction of high dosesignificantly improved gastric mucosal tissue damage morphology;reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and intestinal metaplasia,which score decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05,0.01);and increasedlevels of GAS and PGE2 significantly (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Chaizhixiaji Decoction has obvious protective effect on gastric mucosa,and its mechanism may be related with the regulation of GAS,PGE2 contents.

Therapeutic effect and mechanism of Chaizhixiaji Decoction on bile reflux gastritis rats / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Chaizhixiaji Decoction on experimental bile reflux gastritis (BRG) rats.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups by random according to weight and sex:control group,model group,Chaizhixiaji Decoction low and high dose groups,and Hydrotalcite Tablets group.Rats were given self-made reflux liquid orally to induce experimental bile reflux gastritis.The diet,stool and urine,hair color and body weight of rats in control group and model group were observed.The histopathological changes of gastric antrum mucosa were observed by naked eyeand light microscope after HE staining.ELISA method was used for detection of serum GAS,PGE2 content in gastric antrum mucosa.Result Compared with control group,rats in model group show thin boicing stool containing red yellow mucus,slow reaction,and body weight decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).There were patchy erosions of the gastric antrum with yellow green bile and more yellow mucus of model group in the naked eye.Model control group had a significant rise of inflammatory cells infiltration and intestinal metaplasia,and scores of inflammation and intestinal metaplasia increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).GAS and PGE2 contents obviously decreased compared with that in control group (P ＜ 0.01).Compare with model group,Chaizhixiaji Decoction of high dosesignificantly improved gastric mucosal tissue damage morphology;reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and intestinal metaplasia,which score decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05,0.01);and increasedlevels of GAS and PGE2 significantly (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Chaizhixiaji Decoction has obvious protective effect on gastric mucosa,and its mechanism may be related with the regulation of GAS,PGE2 contents.

Metabolic fingerprint analysis of RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 中国中药杂志

In order to reveal the properties of polar metabolome in inflammatory cells, we selected LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory cell models as the carrier for the research of metabolic fingerprint analysis. In this study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based metabolomics protocol was optimized for the extraction of polar metabolites from RAW264.7 cell line. Then orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to process the metabolic data, and finally, a total of 17 metabolites were selected and identified. The results showed that MeOH-CHCl3-H2O (8∶1∶1) was chosen as the optimal extraction solvent to achieve higher number of chromatographic peaks, with the best relative extraction efficiency and stability. Comparing with the normal cells, the inflammatory cells presented an abnormal metabolism in protein, carbohydrate, nucleotide and phospholipids. In this study, a UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics protocol for the polar metabolites from RAW264.7 cell line was developed, which may provide important information for the study of mechanism of inflammation and the anti-inflammatory drugs.

Protective Effect of Fibrauretin Injection Against Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the protective effect of fibrauretin injection against acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice.Methods Seventy-two healthy male adult Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 goups:normal control group,LPS group (intratracheal instilation of 5 mg/kg of LPS),hydrocortisone group (intraperitoneal injection of 3.3 mg/kg of hydrocortisone,once daily for 3 days,and intratracheal instilation of 5 mg/kg of LPS on the 4th day) and low dose,medium dose and high dose of fibrauretin groups (intraperitoneal injection of 2,10 and 50 mg/kg of fibrauretin,respectively,once daily for 3 days,and intratracheal instilation of 5 mg/kg of LPS on the 4th day).The mice in each group were sacrificed by dislocation 24 h after intratracheal instilation of LPS.The lung tissues of partial mice in each group were extracted and weighed to calculate the lung coefficients,and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in partial mice in each group to collect the BALF for counting the inflammatory cells.Results The lung cofficients of mice in LPS group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P＜0.05).The lung cofficients of mice in hydrocortisone group,low dose,medium dose and high dose of fibrauretin groups were significantly lower than those in LPS group (P ＜ 0.05).For the percentage of inflammatory cells in BALF and the percentage of neutrophils in inflammatory cells,LPS group was significantly higher than the normal control group (P＜0.01),and compared with LPS group,hydrocortisone group,low dose,medium dose and high dose of fibrauretin groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.01).Conclusion Fibrauretin injection can significantly ameliorate the inflammatory reaction degree in mice with acute lung injury induced by LPS.

Effect of Roxithromycin on Airway Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at Stable Phase / 中国药师

Objective:To investigate the effect of roxithromycin on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) patients at stable phase to provide evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods:Totally 46 cases of outpatients with stable COPD were divided into the observation group and the control group .The control group received the conventional treatment , while the observation group was treated with roxithromycin capsules 150mg.d-1 additionally, and the treatment course was 10 months. The sputum, serum cytokines γ-IFN, IL-8 and TNF-αlevels, sputum leukocyte , neutrophil count and adverse reactions were observed and compared between the groups .Results:After the 5-month treatment, the levels of γ-IFN, IL-8 and TNF-αcytokines in serum and sputum in the observation group were significantly lower than those before the treatment (P<0.05) and in the control group (P<0.05).After the 10-month treatment, the above indices in the observation were further decreased when compared with those after the 5-month treatment (P<0.05), which were notably lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).There was only one case of ad-verse drug reactions in the observation group , and the patient was out of the study .Conclusion:Long-term use of roxithromycin at low dose can reduce cytokines in serum and sputum and inflammatory cell count in sputum in stable COPD patients , which exhibits the effect on airway inflammation to some extent .

Comparative study on three preparation methods of mouse postoperative ileus models / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective By observing the motility changes of the gastrointestinal tract in mouse postoperative ileus (POI) models prepared with three different methods, this study aims to compare the features of three types of models, and judge their suitability for drug evaluation. Methods Three methods were conducted to prepare the mouse POI models: air exposure, friction and extrusion. In the experiment, the gastric emptying rate, intestinal propulsive rate as well as the relatively percent dextran of blue-2000 in intestinal paragraphs were taken down to evaluate the motility of gastrointestinal tract. Meanwhile, the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon of mice were stained in HE method to observe the histopathological changes of each layer in mouse intestinal wall. Results When compared with the control group, the gastric emptying rate of the squeeze-only group was significantly suppressed (P < 0.01). The intestinal propulsive rate in the air exposure group, the friction group and the extrusion group were all suppressed, only the friction group and the extrusion group had statistical difference (P < 0.01). The relative percent of dextran blue-2000 in intestinal paragraphs in mice also show that the motility of the mouse gastrointestinal tract in both the friction and extrusion groups was significantly inhibited. Judging from the results of HE staining, the duodenums of mice in the air exposure group, friction group and extrusion group did not show much difference when compared with the control group. While for the jejunum, the intestinal mucosa and submucosa of mice in the squeeze group had a large quantity of hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration. For the ileum and colon, the friction and extrusion groups showed different degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration, and the mice in the extrusion group suffered from ileal hemorrhage. Conclusion All the three preparation methods of mouse POI models can inhibit the intestinal movement of mice. The effect of the air exposure method causes the light injury. The extrusion method, which causes more serious injury, could be used in the study of the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus.The friction method that has a moderate damage to the intestine, is more suitable for drug screening and evaluation.